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Patient education

Diarrhea

Loose stools can occur with GLP-1 medications, particularly in the first weeks and after dose changes. General information on staying hydrated, gentler food choices, and the warning signs that need a call.

Why it can happen

GLP-1 medications change how quickly food moves through the digestive system. Some people experience slower transit (constipation); others experience faster transit and loose stools, especially early in treatment or after a dose increase.

Diarrhea is often temporary. The main risk is dehydration, which can affect the kidneys, so fluid intake matters. Diarrhea that occurs most days rather than only around injection day is a reason to contact your provider.

Hydration first

Fluids through the day

Water, clear broth, and drinks containing electrolytes. Small amounts often are easier to keep down than large amounts at once.

Watch urine colour

Pale yellow generally suggests adequate hydration; dark urine, dizziness, or a dry mouth are signs to act on.

Food choices

General patterns many people find helpful while symptoms last.

Common triggers

  • Fried, fatty, or greasy food
  • Alcohol and caffeine
  • Dairy, for people who are lactose intolerant
  • Very spicy food
  • Sugar alcohols such as sorbitol, mannitol, and xylitol in sugar-free products

Gentler choices

  • Bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast
  • Plain baked chicken, turkey, or fish
  • Cooked vegetables such as carrots and green beans
  • White rice, oatmeal, and plain pasta
  • Smaller, more frequent meals

Options to raise with your provider or pharmacist

Ask before trying any of these, and mention every medication and supplement you already take. This page does not give doses.

  • Probiotic foods or supplements.
  • Short-term over-the-counter anti-diarrheal products such as loperamide, which are not intended for daily or long-term use without provider guidance.
  • A food diary to identify your own triggers.

References

  1. Schiller LR, Pardi DS, Sellin JH. Chronic diarrhea: diagnosis and management. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;15(2):182-193. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27496381/
  2. Nauck MA, Quast DR, Wefers J, Meier JJ. GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes – state-of-the-art. Mol Metab. 2021;46:101102. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33068776/
  3. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Tirzepatide injection prescribing information. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2023/215866s004lbl.pdf

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