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Patient education

Fatigue

Tiredness is reported by some people on GLP-1 medications, often linked to eating less than the body needs. General information on nutrition, fluids, sleep, activity, and when to ask your provider about lab work.

Why it can happen

GLP-1 medications reduce appetite. When intake falls below what the body needs — particularly protein and fluids — energy can drop. Changes in eating patterns, sleep, and activity during treatment can add to that.

Fatigue that persists despite adequate intake, or that comes with other symptoms, is a reason to speak with your provider so other causes can be considered.

Everyday measures

General habits that many people find helpful. Your provider or a dietitian can give guidance specific to you.

Protein at each meal

Eggs, poultry, fish, dairy, legumes, or a protein shake when appetite is low. Regular protein intake supports muscle during weight change.

Regular, smaller meals

Several small meals rather than one or two large ones, with complex carbohydrates such as oats or sweet potato for steadier energy.

Fluids

Dehydration is a common and easily missed contributor to tiredness.

Sleep and activity

Seven to nine hours of sleep, light daily activity such as a walk, rest days when needed, and limiting caffeine late in the day.

Keep track for a week or two

Many people eat less than they realise once appetite falls.

  • Note meals, approximate protein, and fluids for one to two weeks.
  • Bring the notes to your provider if fatigue continues; they help identify whether intake is the issue.

What to ask your provider about

If fatigue persists despite adequate intake, sleep, and activity, your provider can consider other causes.

  • Lab work, for example for anaemia, thyroid function, or vitamin levels.
  • Whether another medication you take could contribute.
  • Whether your GLP-1 dose or schedule should change. Do not change it on your own.

References

  1. Tardy AL, Pouteau E, Marquez D, Yilmaz C, Scholey A. Vitamins and minerals for energy, fatigue and cognition: a narrative review of the biochemical and clinical evidence. Nutrients. 2020;12(1):228. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31963141/
  2. Pasiakos SM, et al. Effects of high-protein diets on fat-free mass and muscle protein synthesis following weight loss: a randomized controlled trial. FASEB J. 2013;27(9):3837-3847. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23739654/
  3. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Semaglutide injection prescribing information. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2023/209637s008lbl.pdf

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